Upakovka Magazine
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5/2003

Magazine "УПАКОВКА" (packaging) – 5/2003

Presentations

Falsification and fakes

The problem has several aspects composing it. Of course, there is an economic constituent at a source. Goods, foodstuff and packs are falsified because the falsifiers make profit of it. Besides, this problem has intellectual, technical and legislative constituents too. It is important that any commodity has protected priority in the form of trademark. Only in this case and in the presence of legislative base the existing technical means of protection can be successful. Besides falsifier must know that punishment for his actions will be unavoidable. The role of the state in the protection of population from falsifiers is underlined. However every buyer should be careful while buying goods and everyone should protect oneself from purchasing the goods and products which are falsified and are of poor quality.

Materials

Polyvinylchloride or polyolefins?

Highly transparent shrinkable films can be made of polyvinylchloride and polyolefins. As these as those materials have positive and negative properties which influence on their application during packing of different goods. The basic disadvantage of PVC films is their relative toxicity (with the presence of certain additives) and complicity during recycling. Shrinkable films on the base of polyolefins are expensive, however they have low density and can be produced of smaller thickness. At the same time, more shrinkable films made of PVC than of polyolefins are used at the polish market. Changes may be at the market in favor of polyolefin films after the entrance of Poland to the structure of United Europe.

About packaging materials on the base of paper for foodstuff industry

At the present time, the volume of industry and foodstuff products, which are produced in Ukraine in the packaged type, makes up 30-35 % of the volume of production for which package is needed. At the same time, level of packed products makes up over 80 % in the developed countries. Presently, there is no universal packaging product: the same property of package can be as useful as harmful. Among the variety of packaging materials produced by different countries of the world, in spite of constant increase of quantity of polymer materials, packaging materials on the base of paper and cardboard place stable positions and will keep their share in the package market at the level of 40-50 %. Foodstuff industry enterprises use wide gamma of paper, which is used for packaging of roll types of products. Considerable part of packaging types of paper is not producing in Ukraine but is imported, mainly from Russia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland. In JSC «UkrNIIB» researches and approbation of their results in ecological safety of the technology of paper production, satisfying requirements and conditions of direct packing of foodstuff production are being carried out. Technologies of production and qualifying standards to the composite materials on the base of paper and cardboard with polymer coating, combing paper by aluminium foil, metallized paper are analysed in the article. On the base of carried out analysis it is estimated that there are all the prerequisites for creating modern science intensive packaging industry in Ukraine.

Al folie in the package

Polymer water soluble glues

The article describes the basic varieties of the glues used at present time in packaging manufacturу and which are perspective in future. At present time and in the foreseeable future the water or glues-melts remain basic glues for the packing production. Consumption of water based glues grows with the increased speed. Thus, for example, in Germany, production of water based glues makes up 60% of total production volume, due to different sources in the USA from 40 to 50%, in the Western Europe countries over 50% and in Japan 50-60%. Average annual growth rates of polymer water glues production make up due to different data from 2% to 8%. The solutions of non-natural, but synthetic and artificial polymers fill important place at the rank of water glues. In Ukraine, the Chair of plastics technology of the ATU “KhPI” carries out broad researches of the labeling glues on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl-alcohol glues are distinguished by stable viscosity, biological firmness without application of antiseptics, absence of toxicity and they are of great practical and scientific interest. Usage of such glues allows to increase lines speed of corrugated cardboard production in 10-25% and decrease energy consumption in 35% (compared to the rest glues). At the latest time the usage of glues-melts started for the labels gluing from the PET packaging which are produced at the basis of copolymer ethylene with vinyl-acetate, acrylic copolymers, vinyl-chloride copolymers etc.

Technologies

Polymer packaging marking

With the purpose for providing the collection, reuse and recovery including recycling, it is necessary to identify packaging with the classification of the corresponding character of the industrial packaging material. For this the numeration and abbreviation are introduced, upon which the system is based and which identifies materials subjected to such system. At the same time the packaging must contain corresponding marking either on packaging or on label, which should be clear, distinct, durable including time after packaging opening and using. Directive 94/62 EU and developed international ISO standards regulate packaging materials marking. The article gives an example of the identification and polymer packaging marking. In Ukraine, on the basis of requirements Directive and ISO standards, the State Standard of Ukraine “Sales packages and packaging. Marking. General requirements” is developed.

Aseptic treatment of packaging

As a rule, modern equipment for carbonated beverages packing into the glass containers is provided by the evacuation system, since classical technology of carbonated beverages packing foresees fulfillment of such operations as evacuation, carbon dioxide filling and finally packing. Evacuation provides maximum possible air removal from the bottles. By this, certain limitation of beverage infection by the air microflora, oxygen content in the package gaseous medium during packing and closing, is obtained. From this point of view, the depth of the achieved vacuum is of great importance. The article gives the results of researches of the temperature change and average level of microflor lethal effect in the bottle because of the evacuation degree. It is determined by the experimental data that total time of the empty bottles treatment is quite insignificant which is fit to the sequence diagram of weighing-and-packing machine and provides possibility of obtaining the sterile sales packaging.

Profiling of filled flexible transport packages

Flexible transport packages filled with bulk products generally have irregular geometric shape, which during the automotive packaging, leads to the formation of nontransferable transport packages. To eliminate this phenomenon, the profiling devices are used in the modern equipment. For effective profiling operation performance, it is necessary to determine rational parameter values of the profiling device. For that the mathematical model of the process in the form of problem-oriented program system is created. Created model allows: determine rational technological system of operation fulfillment, necessary device drives capacity, as well as to check the saving of bag completeness and the product on it and the fulfillment of condition of bag non-slippage on the conveyor belt.

Usage of starch in the paper and cardboard production

From all known reinforcing additives used in the paper and cardboard production from waste paper, different types of modified glue starch were the most widely adopted: oxidised ones for tub sizing and chalking, cationic for usage in the mass. The given article states the results of research works conducting with the aim of studying the influence of amount of starch glue correlation which is feeding into the paper pulp and applying on the surface during the production of paper for corrugating and board for the plain layers of corrugated board from 100% waste paper .Th results of researches determined that quality indexes of paper for corrugating depend on the type of used starch glues and their quantity correlation for the air-mass dosing and tub sizing.

Packing for the goods

Decorative paints packing

Decorative paints can not place first place in production volumes among all the types of paints, however, this is the paints class which every human being tried at least one time in life. Actually, everyone of us opened metallic or polymer tube, glass jar or cardboard box. Article describes professionally and religiously a package for all decorative paints, peculiarities of packing brought and recommendations are given. Diversity of the decorative paint types requires the most various packing as in form, structure, design, as in packaging material.

The equipment

Evolution after revolution

Poligrafika

Rubber shaft in poligrafika.

Part 1. The recommendations for a care and operation

Design

For what I don’t like professionals

In the course last years the author has written a lot of articles about the professional designers. About the way to work with them, how to distinguish the professional from the amateur, about what positive qualities professional designer posses… However the current situation at the market is following: in spite of the fact that percent of entrepreneurs addressing to the professionals is increasing, it still remains low. Why? Article presents spy data for what the customers still don’t like professional designers.

Ecology

Waste of packing - whose problem in Ukraine?

In Ukraine the problem of used containers and packaging recycling is partially understanding. So, “The Waste Law” was passed five years ago, and three in years - the Cabinet of Ministers Decree № 915 “On the introduction of the system of waste collection, sorting, transportation, recycling and recovery as the secondary raw materials”. But unfortunately, after the adoption of necessary legislative acts no one will care for working out of the efficient mechanisms of their introduction. On the example of the activity of JSC “Chernomorpolyrgraphmetall”, the article describes about the used metal packaging recycling, tells about overcoming difficulties. It is impossible to solve the problem alone. One should unite efforts of legislators, manufacturers, scientists, state employees, public organisation activists and begin to solve this problem.

Sorting is the start of recycling

Natural resources saving becomes important problem of mankind as well as industrial and household waste recycling. In this line the solving of the problem of collection, sorting and recycling of the used package shows the examples of application of revolutionary technological solutions. Many European countries implemented waste management systems which provide the usage of special containers (different colors) for the collection of packages of different materials. From the manual technologies of waste sorting to the automated operation is the tendency which the scientists and technologists demonstrate. New technologies assist this, which allow to separate with high productivity, for example, light weight package, into 15 fractions with the high accuracy degree (up to 95%). Process flowsheet of the automated sorting operation is described and its economic benefits are shown.

A bottle from cullet

Mankind more and more pays attention on the lack of natural resources and increase of waste from its vital activity including packaging waste. Usage of cullet for glass bottles and jars brings the savings since cullet is cheaper than feedstock. Besides there is energy saving. However for obtaining the quality glass containers, the quality of cullet should be high. Requirements for cullet are stipulated at the national normative documents. But in order to carry out them, collection, sorting and cullet preparing for production must be provided with the modern technologies and necessary plants.

University

The literature in the help packagers

Club packagers

European Packaging Institute and its objectives

The idea of foundation of the European Packaging Institute has been wandered in the air. As a matter of fact there were always communication between the packers of different countries but, as a rule, it took place informal and spontaneous. At the same time the problems in packaging industry of each European country accumulated and only they certainly would be better and more quickly solved only through uniting. European Packaging Institute became such kind of uniting organization and it became the body of thematic organizer in the informational, educational and other sphere of other countries. The article underlines current and perspective objectives of the Institute. 
Association "Glass of Ukraine" (problem of today)

Exhibitions

Taropak - meeting packagers

The Information - key to the decision of a problem of waste

What exhibitions are necessary for the market? (note from a press conference)

University

Yellow pages

Price-lists

Advertising